NCEA literacy practice
Reading
- Several everyday texts: notices, adverts, articles, emails, tables
- Multiple choice, matching and labelling
- Find facts, main ideas, the writer's purpose, fact versus opinion, bias, and what a word means here
September 2026: 58% of students who sat it achieved.
NZQA past assessmentsWriting
- Two pieces of different types, at least one formal: a letter, report, article, blog post or opinion
- Questions on spelling, grammar, sentences, punctuation and paragraphing
- Generative AI and tools like Grammarly are not allowed
September 2026: 54% of students who sat it achieved.
NZQA past assessmentsReading practice
Weekend Kitchen Hand and Counter Staff Wanted
Kōwhai Corner Café is a busy family-run café on Victoria Avenue. We are known for our homemade pies, fresh scones and friendly service. Because our summer season is starting, we are looking for two keen people to join our weekend team.
Position: Weekend kitchen hand and counter staff (two positions)
Hours: Saturday and Sunday, 7.30 am to 1.30 pm, from 6 December until the end of February. Extra shifts may be offered during the school holidays.
Pay: $25.00 an hour, plus a free meal on every shift.
What you will do: wash dishes and keep the kitchen tidy; prepare simple food such as salads and toasted sandwiches; serve customers at the counter and take payments; clean tables and restock the food cabinet.
What we are looking for: You must be at least 16 years old. You do not need café experience, because we will train you. However, you must be reliable, polite to customers and happy to work fast when it gets busy. A food safety certificate is useful but not required. You will need to wear closed-toe, non-slip shoes in the kitchen.
How to apply: Drop off a short letter about yourself at the café counter, with the name and phone number of one referee (not a family member). Applications close at 5 pm on Friday 21 November. We will contact people for a short interview the following week. Please do not phone the café about the job, as our staff are busy serving customers.
How much will the café pay?
The 'Pay' line says $25.00 an hour, plus a free meal on every shift.
When do applications close?
The 'How to apply' section says applications close at 5 pm on Friday 21 November.
Why does the café most likely ask kitchen staff to wear non-slip shoes?
The advert does not say why, but staff wash dishes and prepare food, so wet floors are the likely safety reason.
Which detail is LEAST relevant to someone deciding whether to apply?
The age, pay and hours all affect whether you can or want to do the job, but what the café is famous for does not.
In 'we are looking for two keen people', what does 'keen' mean?
The advert says no experience is needed, so 'keen' means eager and willing to work, not experienced.
What is the main purpose of this text?
The opening paragraph says the café is looking for two people to join its weekend team, and the rest explains the job and how to apply.
Have Your Say: Tōtara Street Cycleway
Harbourview District Council is planning a new protected cycleway along Tōtara Street, between the Marine Parade roundabout and Riverside School. We want to hear from people who live, work, shop or travel along the street before we make a final decision.
Why a cycleway? In a council survey last year, 62 percent of Riverside School families said they would let their children bike to school if there was a safer route. Tōtara Street is currently the only direct route, and it carries about 9,000 vehicles a day.
What would change? A two-way cycleway, separated from traffic by a low concrete kerb, would be built on the eastern side of the street. To make room for it, 38 on-street car parks would be removed. Fourteen new car parks would be created in Pōhutukawa Lane, behind the shops. The speed limit on Tōtara Street would drop from 50 km/h to 40 km/h.
When would it happen? If the plan is approved, work would begin in March next year and take about five months. Footpaths would stay open during the work, but some lanes would close between 9 am and 3 pm on weekdays.
How can I have my say? Fill in the online form on the council website, pick up a paper form from the Harbourview Library, or come to a drop-in session at the Riverside Community Hall on Wednesday 19 November, 4 pm to 7 pm. Feedback closes at 5 pm on Friday 28 November.
What is the main idea of this notice?
The first paragraph says the council is planning the cycleway and wants to hear from people 'before we make a final decision'.
Once the new Pōhutukawa Lane car parks are counted, how many car parks would be lost overall?
38 car parks would be removed and 14 new ones created, so 38 minus 14 leaves 24 fewer car parks.
Which group is MOST likely to be worried about this plan?
The plan removes 38 on-street car parks, which could make it harder for customers to stop at the shops.
What important information does the notice leave out?
The notice gives the closing date, the five-month build time and the hall, but never says what the cycleway would cost.
How is the notice organised to help readers find information quickly?
Each paragraph after the first starts with a question such as 'Why a cycleway?' or 'When would it happen?', so readers can jump to what they want.
Where can someone pick up a paper feedback form?
The last paragraph says to 'pick up a paper form from the Harbourview Library'.
Summer Patrols at Kahikatea Beach
Kahikatea Beach Surf Life Saving Club patrols the beach every weekend from late October until early April, and every day during the summer school holidays. When the club is on patrol, you will see red and yellow flags on the sand. Always swim between the flags, where lifeguards are watching.
Please note: patrol times can change because of weather and surf conditions. If the flags are not up, there is no patrol, even if the table below says there should be.
Safety tips: Never swim alone. If you get caught in a rip, stay calm, float on your back and raise one arm to signal for help. Children under 10 should always be within arm's reach of an adult in the water. In an emergency, call 111 and ask for Police.
| Dates | Days | Patrol hours | Who patrols |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25 October to 19 December | Saturday and Sunday | 12 pm to 4 pm | Club volunteers |
| 20 December to 1 February | Every day | 10 am to 6 pm | Paid lifeguards on weekdays, volunteers at weekends |
| 25 December and 1 January | Christmas Day and New Year's Day | 11 am to 4 pm | Club volunteers |
| 2 February to 5 April | Saturday and Sunday | 12 pm to 5 pm | Club volunteers |
What is the main job of the table in this text?
The table's columns give dates, days, patrol hours and who patrols, all about when the beach is watched.
Mia wants to swim at 5.30 pm on Saturday 10 January. Will the beach be patrolled?
10 January falls in the 20 December to 1 February row, when patrols run every day from 10 am to 6 pm.
Who patrols the beach on a Wednesday in mid-January?
The row for 20 December to 1 February says 'Paid lifeguards on weekdays'.
What does the text recommend you do if you are caught in a rip?
The safety tips say to 'stay calm, float on your back and raise one arm to signal for help'.
A family arrives at 1 pm on a Sunday in November, but there are no flags on the sand. What should they understand?
The note says times can change because of weather and surf, and if the flags are not up there is no patrol.
Which generalisation is best supported by the text?
The text tells everyone to 'always swim between the flags, where lifeguards are watching'; the other statements are not supported.
Empty Section Becomes Community Garden
A weedy section on Mataī Road in Kererū Heights has been turned into a thriving community garden, thanks to a group of neighbours and a $4,000 grant from a local trust.
The Mataī Road Community Garden opened on Saturday with a sausage sizzle and a planting day. More than 80 people came along, and by the end of the afternoon, 300 seedlings were in the ground.
The idea came from retired builder Hemi Walker, 68, who walked past the section every day. 'It was full of rubbish and gorse,' he said. 'I kept thinking, this could feed people instead.' Mr Walker contacted the owners, the Lam family, who agreed to lend the land to the community for ten years at no cost. 'It's the best thing that has happened to this street,' he said.
Volunteers spent four months clearing the site, building 20 raised beds and installing a water tank. Students from Kererū Heights Intermediate built a worm farm and painted the signs.
Anyone can help in the garden on Saturday mornings from 9 am. Vegetables are shared between volunteers, and any extra produce goes to the local food bank. Garden coordinator Lisa Fong said the group hoped to add fruit trees next winter. 'Our goal is that nobody in this street goes without fresh vegetables,' she said.
Not everyone is happy. One neighbour, who did not want to be named, said she was worried the garden would attract rats. Ms Fong said compost bins would be sealed and checked every week.
Which is the best summary of the article?
This covers the whole article; the other options are small details or, in the builder's case, wrong because the land is lent, not bought.
Who owns the land the garden is on?
Paragraph 3 says Mr Walker contacted 'the owners, the Lam family', who agreed to lend the land.
Why does the writer include direct quotes from Hemi Walker and Lisa Fong?
Quotes such as 'this could feed people instead' give the real voices of the people behind the garden.
Which sentence from the article is an opinion rather than a fact?
'The best thing' is Mr Walker's personal judgement and cannot be proved; the others can be checked.
Why does the writer include the comment from the unnamed neighbour?
The paragraph begins 'Not everyone is happy', showing a view different from the supporters quoted earlier.
What is most likely to happen at the garden next winter?
Lisa Fong said the group hoped to add fruit trees next winter.
Rimu Valley Football Club: End of Season News
Kia ora koutou, and welcome to our end-of-season newsletter! What a year it has been for Rimu Valley Football Club. We had 214 registered players this winter, our biggest number ever, across 18 junior teams, two youth teams and two senior teams.
Player of the Year: Congratulations to Sione Taufa (14), who has been named the club's Player of the Year. Sione scored 21 goals for the Under-15 Blues, but coaches said it was his attitude that stood out. He arrived early to help set up the goals every Saturday and often stayed late to help coach the Under-7s. Sione says his dream is to play for New Zealand one day.
Prizegiving: Our prizegiving will be held on Sunday 16 November at 2 pm in the clubrooms. Every junior player will receive a certificate. Please bring a plate of food to share. Drinks will be provided.
Lost property: We have a large box of jackets, drink bottles and one left boot (size 6). Unclaimed items will be given to the hospice shop after 30 November.
Summer futsal: Indoor futsal starts on 3 February at the Rimu Valley Events Centre. Teams of five play on Tuesday evenings. Registration costs $45 per player, and it is open to players aged 10 to 16.
Volunteers needed: We are looking for a new club secretary and two people to help run the canteen next season. Without volunteers, the club cannot run. If you can give a few hours a month, please talk to our chairperson, Karen Mills, at prizegiving.
Where will prizegiving be held?
The 'Prizegiving' section says it will be held 'in the clubrooms'; the Events Centre is where futsal is played.
What can you infer about Sione from the newsletter?
He set up goals early and stayed late to help the Under-7s, which shows he cares about the whole club.
Tama is 17 and wants to play summer futsal. What does the newsletter tell him?
The 'Summer futsal' section says it is open to players aged 10 to 16, so at 17 he is too old.
What is the main purpose of the final paragraph?
It asks for a secretary and canteen helpers and tells readers who to talk to.
How do labels such as 'Lost property:' and 'Summer futsal:' help the reader?
Each label names the topic of its paragraph, so a reader can skip straight to the part they need.
In 'Unclaimed items will be given to the hospice shop', what does 'unclaimed' mean?
The lost property belongs to people who have not come to get it, so 'unclaimed' means nobody has collected it.
Bring Back the Saturday Fete
By Jordan Reti, Year 10, Kōwhai Ridge College
This year, our school council decided to hold the Kōwhai Ridge College fete on a Friday afternoon instead of on a Saturday, where it has been for over 20 years. In my opinion, this was a big mistake, and the fete should go back to Saturday next year.
The first reason is simple: fewer people came. Last year's Saturday fete raised $11,200 for new sports gear. This year's Friday fete raised $6,400. That is a drop of almost half.
Second, Friday afternoon is when most parents are still at work. The fete is supposed to bring the whole community together, but how can it do that when mums, dads and grandparents can't come? My own parents both missed it, and so did most of my friends' families.
Some people say a Friday fete is better because students are already at school, so nobody has to give up their weekend. But surely one Saturday a year is not too much to ask. Everyone knows that the best fetes are always on weekends.
The school council also said that a Friday fete was easier to staff, because teachers were already on site. I understand that. However, a fete that raises half the money is not easier in the long run.
I am asking the school council to listen to students and families and bring the fete back to Saturday. Let's make next year's fete the biggest one yet.
What is the writer's point of view?
The writer says 'the fete should go back to Saturday next year' and repeats this in the last paragraph.
Which statement from the article is a fact?
The amount raised can be checked in the school's records; the others are the writer's opinions.
Which sentence is a sweeping generalisation that the writer gives no evidence for?
'Everyone knows' and 'always' claim something about all fetes and all people without any proof.
Which possible reason for the lower total does the writer NOT consider?
The writer blames only the change of day and leaves out other causes, such as weather, which shows a one-sided view.
Why does the writer ask 'how can it do that when mums, dads and grandparents can't come?'
It is a rhetorical question: the writer does not expect an answer but wants readers to agree that families are left out.
How does paragraph 5 (beginning 'Some people say') help the writer's argument?
It gives the other side ('Some people say') and then replies with 'But surely', a common way to strengthen an argument.
Two Reviews of the Kauri Flask 750
Worth every cent (Priya S., Hamilton)
Rating: 5 out of 5
I bought the Kauri Flask 750 for my son's school bag after his third plastic bottle cracked this year. Six months later, it still looks brand new apart from a small dent where he dropped it on the netball court. It keeps water icy cold all day, even when his bag sits in the sun at lunchtime.
The lid clicks shut and has never leaked, which is a relief because his schoolbooks live in the same bag. At $39.99 it is not cheap, but I think it will last for years, so it works out better value than buying a new $8 bottle every term. My only complaint is that it is heavy when full. Overall, I would recommend it to any family.
ReviewLooks great, but... (Liam T., Dunedin)
Rating: 2 out of 5
I wanted to love the Kauri Flask 750. It comes in great colours and feels solid. But after two weeks of cycling training, the rubber seal in the lid started to smell, even though I washed it every night. The company's website says the seal should be replaced every six months, but a new one costs $12 and has to be ordered online. I emailed the company about it, but nobody had replied a week later.
The bottle also does not fit in the drink holder on my bike, which was the main reason I bought it. It does keep water cold, I will give it that. For $39.99, I expected better. I would tell people to look at other bottles before buying this one.
What do BOTH reviewers agree about?
Priya says it keeps water 'icy cold all day' and Liam admits 'it does keep water cold'.
What best explains why the two reviewers have such different opinions?
Priya's son uses it in a school bag, where it works well, but Liam needed it for his bike, where it does not fit.
Based on both reviews, who would the Kauri Flask 750 suit best?
Both agree it keeps water cold and Priya says the lid never leaks, but Liam says it does not fit a bike and Priya says it is heavy.
Grammar and punctuation
Which word is spelt correctly?
'Necessary' has one c and a double s.
Choose the correct word: 'The students left ___ bags by the door.'
'Their' shows the bags belong to the students; 'there' is a place and 'they're' means 'they are'.
Which sentence uses New Zealand spelling correctly?
New Zealand English uses 'our' in both 'favourite' and 'colour'.
Choose the correct verb: 'Each of the players ___ a certificate at prizegiving.'
'Each' is singular, so it takes the singular verb 'receives'.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
'I' is the subject form; test it by removing Aroha: 'I went to the fete', not 'me went'.
Which sentence keeps the same tense all the way through?
'Walked' and 'swam' are both past tense, which matches 'yesterday'.
Which sentence uses apostrophes correctly?
The pies belong to one café, so 'café's' needs an apostrophe, but 'pies' is a simple plural and needs none.
Which sentence is punctuated correctly?
A comma separates the items in a list, with 'and' before the last item.
Which sentence is punctuated correctly?
The spoken words are a question, so the question mark goes inside the speech marks, and all the spoken words are inside them.
Which of these is a run-on sentence that needs fixing?
It joins two complete sentences with no full stop, comma plus joining word, or linking word.
Which is the best way to join these sentences? 'The garden is open on Saturdays. Anyone can help.'
Two complete sentences can be joined with a comma and a joining word such as 'and'; a comma alone is a comma splice.
Which of these is a complete sentence?
It has a subject ('the cycleway') and a verb ('reopens') and makes sense on its own; the others are fragments.
Which sentence is the best opening for a formal letter to the council?
A formal letter should open by stating the reason for writing, in formal language without slang.
Which sentence would make the best topic sentence for a paragraph about the benefits of a community garden?
A topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph, and this one introduces the benefits that will follow.
Choose the best linking phrase: 'The fete raised less money this year. ___, the school council will review the date.'
The review happens because less money was raised, so a cause and effect link, 'As a result', is needed.
Writing practice
Letter to the council about the Tōtara Street cycleway
Harbourview District Council is asking for feedback on a plan to build a protected cycleway on Tōtara Street (see the reading 'Have Your Say: Tōtara Street Cycleway').
You live near Tōtara Street and travel along it to school most days. You can support the plan, oppose it, or support it with changes.
Write a formal letter to the council's transport team giving your view on the cycleway. Give at least two reasons and suggest one way the plan could be improved. Write about 200 words (150 to 250).
0 words
Check your writing- Your address, the date and the council's address
- A formal greeting, such as 'Dear Sir or Madam'
- First paragraph says who you are and why you are writing
- Each reason has its own paragraph with a fact or example
- One clear, polite suggestion
- Formal language, with no slang or text speak
- A formal ending, such as 'Yours faithfully', and your full name
Show a model answer
14 Kōwhai Street, Harbourview
10 November 2026
Transport Team, Harbourview District Council, Harbourview
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am a Year 9 student at Harbourview High School, and I travel along Tōtara Street every school day. I am writing to support the plan for a protected cycleway, because I believe it would make the street safer and help more young people get to school on their own.
My first reason is safety. At the moment, I bike to school on the road with cars and trucks passing very close to me. Last term, a friend of mine was knocked off her bike when a parked car's door opened suddenly. A cycleway separated from traffic by a concrete kerb would prevent this kind of accident.
My second reason is that the cycleway would reduce traffic. Your survey found that 62 percent of Riverside School families would let their children bike if there was a safer route. If even some of those families stopped driving, there would be far less congestion outside the school in the mornings.
However, I understand that shop owners are worried about losing 38 car parks. I suggest that the council puts up clear signs on Tōtara Street showing drivers where the new Pōhutukawa Lane car parks are, so that customers can still park easily.
Thank you for considering my feedback. I hope the cycleway goes ahead.
Yours faithfully,
Aroha Ngata
Report on how students travel to school
Your school's student council surveyed 200 Year 9 and 10 students about how they travel to school.
Results: car 84 students, walk 52, bus 38, bike or scooter 16, other 10.
When asked why they do not bike, the most common answers were 'the roads feel unsafe' (61 students) and 'there is nowhere safe to lock my bike' (29 students).
The principal has asked the student council for a short report with recommendations.
Write a formal report to the principal about the survey results. Use headings (for example Introduction, Findings, Recommendations, Conclusion), present the main findings accurately and make two recommendations. Write about 200 words (150 to 250).
0 words
Check your writing- A clear title, and who the report is to and from
- Headings that divide the report into sections
- Findings use the survey numbers accurately
- Findings are kept separate from recommendations
- Two clear, realistic recommendations
- A formal, impersonal tone
- Spelling, punctuation and numbers checked
Show a model answer
Report: How Students Travel to School
To: The Principal. From: The Student Council. Date: 12 November 2026.
Introduction
In October, the student council surveyed 200 Year 9 and 10 students to find out how they travel to school and what stops them from biking. This report presents the findings and makes two recommendations.
Findings
The most common way to travel to school is by car (84 students, or 42 percent). Walking is second (52 students), followed by the bus (38 students). Only 16 students (8 percent) bike or scooter, and 10 students travel in other ways.
Students gave two main reasons for not biking. The most common reason was that the roads feel unsafe (61 students). The second was that there is nowhere safe to lock a bike at school (29 students).
Recommendations
1. The school should install a covered, lockable bike shelter near the main gate, so that students can leave their bikes securely during the day.
2. The school should make a submission to the council supporting safer cycle routes near the school, such as the planned Tōtara Street cycleway.
Conclusion
Very few students currently bike to school, mainly because of safety concerns. Acting on these recommendations could help more students travel actively and reduce car traffic at the school gate.
Should secondary students have part-time jobs?
Your school's student blog runs a weekly series called 'Your Say'. This week's question is: 'Should secondary students have a part-time job during the school year?'
Some people say jobs teach responsibility and money skills. Others say jobs take time away from schoolwork, sport and rest.
Write an opinion blog post for other students giving your view. Use a catchy title, state your opinion clearly, give reasons with examples, respond to the other side and finish with a strong closing line. Write about 200 words (150 to 250). Your tone can be friendly, but your writing must still be clear and well organised.
0 words
Check your writing- A catchy title
- Your opinion is clear in the first paragraph
- At least two reasons, each with an example
- You mention the other side and answer it
- A friendly voice that suits other students
- A strong final sentence
- Spelling and punctuation checked
Show a model answer
Why a Weekend Job Was the Best Thing I Did This Year
Ask my friends what they did last summer and they will tell you about the beach. Ask me and I will tell you about pies. Lots of pies. I worked weekends at a local café, and I think every secondary student who can manage it should get a part-time job.
First, a job teaches you things school can't. In my first week I learned how to stay polite with grumpy customers, how to work fast without panicking, and how to count change in my head. Those skills will help me in any job I ever have.
Second, earning your own money feels amazing. I saved $600 over the summer and put it towards a laptop. Because I had worked hard for it, I spent it far more carefully than I ever spend birthday money.
Some people say jobs take time away from homework and sport, and that's fair. That's why I think students should only work a few hours a week, mostly at weekends or in the holidays. I still played touch on Thursday nights and kept my grades up.
So if you're thinking about it, go for it. The worst that can happen is that you learn to make a really good toastie.
Profile of a community volunteer
Your local newsletter, the Kererū Heights News, runs a monthly profile of someone who helps the community.
This month the editor has asked you to profile Lisa Fong, coordinator of the Mataī Road Community Garden (see the reading 'Empty Section Becomes Community Garden').
Your interview notes: age 41; works part-time as a pharmacy technician; grew up in Palmerston North helping her grandmother grow vegetables; joined the garden project in its first month; organises the Saturday working bees and the roster for taking extra produce to the food bank; favourite crop is silverbeet, 'because it never gives up'; next goal is to plant fruit trees next winter; advice to others: 'Start small, and ask your neighbours. People want to help.'
Write a profile of Lisa Fong for the newsletter. Introduce her, explain what she does and why it matters, and include at least one quote. Write about 200 words (150 to 250), in a formal but friendly style that suits a community newsletter.
0 words
Check your writing- A headline that names the person
- An opening that makes readers want to keep reading
- Facts from the notes used accurately
- At least one direct quote, correctly punctuated
- Paragraphs in a sensible order
- Third person (she, her) all the way through
- Spelling and punctuation checked
Show a model answer
Growing More Than Vegetables: Lisa Fong
Every Saturday at 9 am, Lisa Fong unlocks the gate of the Mataī Road Community Garden and gets to work. As the garden's coordinator, the 41-year-old has helped turn a weedy empty section into one of the busiest places in Kererū Heights.
Ms Fong's love of gardening began when she was a child in Palmerston North, helping her grandmother grow vegetables. Today she works part-time as a pharmacy technician, but much of her spare time is spent among the raised beds.
She joined the project in its very first month. Now she organises the Saturday working bees and the roster that takes extra produce to the local food bank. Thanks to her planning, volunteers take home fresh vegetables each week, and families who need help receive them too.
Her favourite crop is silverbeet, 'because it never gives up', and the same could be said of her. Her next goal is to plant fruit trees in the garden next winter.
For anyone thinking of starting a community project, Ms Fong has simple advice. 'Start small, and ask your neighbours,' she says. 'People want to help.'
Volunteers are welcome at the garden on Saturday mornings from 9 am.
What else do you need for NCEA?
Open the free NCEA study coachFacts from NZQA: Literacy 2027 assessment specifications, the 2027 assessment timetable and the 2026 literacy and numeracy results. Practice texts and questions written by Vertex Academy, not by NZQA.